Major and Trace Elements in Human Kidney Stones: A Preliminary Investigation in Beijing, China

Kidney stone disease affects people globally, with its prevalence on the rise. Given importance of elements’ function in formation kidney stones, this study investigated major and trace element content thirty samples from patients Beijing. The included inorganic components (calcium oxalate carbonate apatite) organic (uric acid). Results showed that Ca is much higher than components. Compared to components, uric acid has a very low elements except for Cu Se, which may be derived liver. Carbonate apatite stones have (such as Na, K, Sr, Zn, Rb, Ba, Li, Ti) calcium especially enrichment Mg. principal analysis (PCA) extracted three (PCs) total variances 91.91%, including PC1 (45.08%): Na-Li-Ti-Ba-Sr-Zn, PC2 (30.05%): Mg, PC3 (16.78%): Cu-Se, indicating there are co-precipitated processes these by their specific properties. A different distribution types indicates significant discrepancy content, can an essential reference patient intake elements.